Examples of areas where primary succession occurs:

$A$- Grasshopper is included in primary consumer.
$R$- Fishes and birds are included in top carnivore.

Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession based on the following examples:
$I-$ Abandoned farmland
$II-$ Burned or cut forests
$III-$ Newly cooled lava
$IV -$ Bare rock
$V -$ Flooded lands
$VI -$ Newly created pond or reservoir
Identify the correct grouping for primary succession and secondary succession respectively.

$...........\%$ of the total global carbon is found dissolved in the oceans. (in $\%$)

In hydrarch succession,the reed swamp stage comes immediately after . . . . . . .

What percentage of incident solar radiation is included in $PAR$ (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)?