In ecosystem services,soil formation accounts for about.....

Which is the second most important trophic level in a pond ecosystem?

In which of the following cycles is an atmospheric cycle absent?

Phytoplankton $\rightarrow$ Submerged plant stage $\rightarrow$ Floating plant stage $\rightarrow$ Reed-swamp stage $\rightarrow$ Marsh-meadow stage $\rightarrow$ Scrub $\rightarrow$ Forest. What type of succession does this sequence represent?

The most important determinant of a marine ecosystem is:

The final community of succession in plants is called .....