In citrus,adventive embryony is caused by which of the following?

What is the process of forming a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without meiosis called?

In citrus,adventive embryony arises from which of the following?

Which process is involved in the formation of seeds without fertilization in flowering plants?

Given below are two statements regarding Apomixis.
Statement $I$: Apogamy is a type of apomixis in which a gametophytic cell produces an embryo-like structure without fertilization.
Statement $II$: Apospory is a process where a diploid sporophyte cell produces a diploid gametophyte without undergoing meiosis.
In light of the above statements,select the correct answer from the options given below.

Are pollination and fertilisation necessary in apomixis? Give reasons.