What is the cause of $Down's$ syndrome?

Assertion: Aneuploidy may be of hypoploidy or hyperploidy type.
Reason: Monosomy lacks one pair of chromosomes.

Due to non-disjunction of chromosomes during spermatogenesis,sperms carry both sex chromosomes $(22A + XY)$ and some sperms do not carry any sex chromosome $(22A + O)$. If these sperms fertilize normal eggs $(22A + X)$,what types of genetic disorders appear among the offspring?

$A$: Turner's syndrome generally does not occur in males.
$R$: Foetus with $44 + YO$ complement generally dies.

Which of the following conditions in humans is correctly matched with its chromosomal abnormality or linkage?

Which chromosomal aberration does the following figure indicate?