$AB$ is an object of length $l$ dipped in water at a depth of $d$. It is viewed from air at near-normal incidence. The length of the image is

$A$ beaker contains water up to a height of $h_1$ and kerosene above the water up to a height of $h_2$. The total height is $(h_1 + h_2)$. The refractive index of water is $\mu_1$ and that of kerosene is $\mu_2$. What is the apparent shift of the bottom of the beaker when viewed from above?

$A$ ray of light is incident normally on a glass slab of thickness $5 \ cm$ and refractive index $1.6$. The time taken by a ray to travel from the source of light to the surface of the slab is the same as the time taken to travel through the glass slab. The distance of the source from the surface is: (in $cm$)

$A$ paraxial beam of light is converging towards a point $P$ on the screen. $A$ plane parallel sheet of glass of thickness $t$ and refractive index $\mu$ is introduced in the path of the beam. The convergence point is shifted by:

$A$ beaker containing liquid is placed on a table,underneath a microscope which can be moved along a vertical scale. The microscope is focused,through the liquid,onto a mark on the table when the reading on the scale is $a$. It is next focused on the upper surface of the liquid and the reading is $b$. More liquid is added and the observations are repeated,the corresponding readings are $c$ and $d$. The refractive index of the liquid is

$A$ narrow,paraxial beam of light is converging towards a point $I$ on a screen. $A$ plane parallel plate of glass of thickness $t$ and refractive index $\mu$ is introduced in the path of the beam. The convergence point is shifted by