Which of the following gases present in the air blackens the surface painted with white lead?

Assertion : $Pb^{4+}$ compounds are stronger oxidizing agents than $Sn^{4+}$ compounds.
Reason : The higher oxidation states for the group $14$ elements are more stable for the heavier members of the group due to 'inert pair effect'.

Explain the oxidation states of group $14$ elements.

Consider the following statements:
$I$. In diamond,each carbon atom is $sp^3$-hybridised.
$II$. Graphite has planar hexagonal layers of carbon atoms.
$III$. Silicones being surrounded by non-polar alkyl groups are water repelling in nature.
$IV$. The order of catenation in group $14$ elements is $Si > C > Sn > Ge > Pb$.
The correct statements are:

The $C-C$ bond length is maximum in

Tetrahalides of group $14$ elements (except that of carbon) act as