(A) $p$-type semiconductors are formed by doping intrinsic semiconductors (like $Si$ or $Ge$ of Group $14$) with impurities from Group $13$ elements.

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(A) $p$-type semiconductors are formed by doping intrinsic semiconductors (like $Si$ or $Ge$ of Group $14$) with impurities from Group $13$ elements. These elements have only $3$ valence electrons,creating an electron hole (vacancy) in the crystal lattice,which facilitates electrical conduction.