Briefly explain the Valence Bond Theory $(VBT)$.

(N/A) According to this theory,the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands uses its $(n-1)d, ns, np$ or $ns, np, nd$ orbitals for hybridization to produce a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral,square planar,and others (as shown in the table below).

Coordination Number	Type of Hybridization	Distribution of Hybrid Orbitals in Space
$4$	$sp^3$	Tetrahedral
$4$	$dsp^2$	Square planar
$5$	$sp^3d$	Trigonal bipyramidal
$6$	$sp^3d^2$	Octahedral
$6$	$d^2sp^3$	Octahedral

These hybrid orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding.