Explain the preparation of chlorine and describe the Deacon's process and electrolytic process for its production.

(N/A) Preparation of Chlorine:
$1$. By heating manganese dioxide with concentrated $HCl$:
$MnO_2 + 4HCl \rightarrow MnCl_2 + Cl_2 + 2H_2O$
$2$. By the action of $HCl$ on potassium permanganate:
$2KMnO_4 + 16HCl \rightarrow 2KCl + 2MnCl_2 + 8H_2O + 5Cl_2$
Industrial Processes:
$i$. Deacon's process: By oxidation of hydrogen chloride gas by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of $CuCl_2$ (catalyst) at $723 \ K$:
$4HCl + O_2 \xrightarrow{CuCl_2} 2Cl_2 + 2H_2O$
$ii$. Electrolytic process: Chlorine is obtained by the electrolysis of brine (concentrated $NaCl$ solution). It is liberated at the anode. It is also obtained as a by-product in many chemical industries.