$300$ $grams$ of sugar solution contains $40 \%$ sugar. How much sugar should be added to make the concentration $50 \%$ in the solution? (in $grams$)

$A$ mixture of $80$ litre of milk and water contains $10 \%$ water. How much water must be added to make $20 \%$ water in the new mixture? (in $litre$)

$A$ dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby gains $25 \%$. The percentage of water in the mixture is?

In what proportion must pulses of $Rs. 70$ per $kg$ be mixed with pulses of $Rs. 45$ per $kg$ to get a mixture of $Rs. 60$ per $kg$?

In what ratio must a person mix three kinds of tea costing $Rs. 60$ per $kg$,$Rs. 75$ per $kg$,and $Rs. 100$ per $kg$ so that the resultant mixture when sold at $Rs. 96$ per $kg$ yields a profit of $20\%$?

$A$ merchant mixes three varieties of rice costing $Rs. 20$ per $kg$,$Rs. 24$ per $kg$,and $Rs. 30$ per $kg$ and sells the mixture at a profit of $20\%$ at $Rs. 30$ per $kg$. How many $kgs$ of the second variety will be in the mixture if $2$ $kgs$ of the third variety is there in the mixture?