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(A) Inspiration (inhalation) is an active process that involves the following steps:$1$. The diaphragm contracts,which increases the volume of the tho

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$(a)$ and $(b)$

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(A) Inspiration (inhalation) is an active process that involves the following steps:$1$. The diaphragm contracts,which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity in the anterior-posterior axis.$2$. The external intercostal muscles contract,lifting the ribs and the sternum,which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity in the dorso-ventral axis.$3$. These actions lead to an overall increase in pulmonary volume.$4$. According to Boyle's Law,an increase in volume leads to a decrease in intra-pulmonary pressure compared to atmospheric pressure,which forces air into the lungs.Therefore,statements $(a)$ and $(b)$ are correct,while $(c)$ and $(d)$ describe the process of expiration.

Select the correct process that occurs during inspiration (inhalation):
$(a)$ Contraction of the diaphragm
$(b)$ Contraction of external intercostal muscles
$(c)$ Decrease in pulmonary volume
$(d)$ Increase in intra-pulmonary pressure

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Select the correct process that occurs during inspiration (inhalation): $(a)$ Contraction of the diaphragm $(b)$ Contraction of external intercostal muscles $(c)$ Decrease in pulmonary volume $(d)$ Increase in intra-pulmonary pressure