(D) The process of cleavage involves mitotic divisions of the zygote. $1$st cleavage: $1 \rightarrow 2$ cells. $2$nd cleavage: $2 \rightarrow 4$ cells

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(D) The process of cleavage involves mitotic divisions of the zygote. $1$st cleavage: $1 \rightarrow 2$ cells. $2$nd cleavage: $2 \rightarrow 4$ cells. $3$rd cleavage: $4 \rightarrow 8$ cells. $4$th cleavage: $8 \rightarrow 16$ cells. Therefore,to form a $16$-celled stage (morula),$4$ successive cleavages are required.