What causes proteins to acquire a charge?

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Question

(C) Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom attached to an amino group $(-NH_2)$,a carboxyl group $(-COOH)$,a

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Side chain of amino acids

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(C) Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom attached to an amino group $(-NH_2)$,a carboxyl group $(-COOH)$,a hydrogen atom,and a variable side chain ($-R$ group).The charge on a protein molecule is determined by the ionization of these side chains ($-R$ groups) of the amino acids,as well as the terminal amino and carboxyl groups.Depending on the $pH$ of the environment,these side chains can gain or lose protons ($H^+$ ions),thereby giving the protein a net positive,negative,or neutral charge.

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