What percentage of $PAR$ (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) is captured by plants?

$10,000 \, J \rightarrow 1000 \, J \rightarrow 100 \, J \rightarrow 10 \, J$
Which of the following characteristics can be justified by linking the given information with various trophic levels?

The average trophic efficiency of transfer of energy from one trophic level to the higher trophic level is called

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another follows the second law of thermodynamics. The efficiency of energy transfer from herbivores to carnivores is: (in $\%$)

If plants have $1000\,J$ of energy,how much energy will reach the trophic level of a lion (in $,J$)?

Assertion $A$: Heat energy is available for the functioning of a system.
Reason $R$: Some amount of energy is lost during energy transformation.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?