Who is known as the father of ecosystem ecology?

The lentic ecosystem includes which of the following water?

$A$- Grasshopper is included in primary consumer.
$R$- Fishes and birds are included in top carnivore.

Define the following terms:
$(i)$ Sere
$(ii)$ Standing state

Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?

$A$ farmer harvests his crop and expresses his harvest in three different ways.
$(a)$ $I$ have harvested $10$ quintals of wheat.
$(b)$ $I$ have harvested $10$ quintals of wheat today in one acre of land.
$(c)$ $I$ have harvested $10$ quintals of wheat in one acre of land,$6$ months after sowing.
Do the above statements mean one and the same thing? If your answer is yes,give reasons. If your answer is 'no',explain the meaning of each expression.