The presence of lichens as pioneer species ca | vedclass

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(B) In ecological succession,the pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a previously barren area. Lichens are known as pioneer species in

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Lithosere

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(B) In ecological succession,the pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a previously barren area. Lichens are known as pioneer species in $Lithosere$ (succession on bare rocks). They secrete acids to dissolve rock,helping in the process of weathering and soil formation,which eventually allows other plants to grow. Since $Lithosere$ is a type of $Xerosere$ (succession in dry areas),both are technically correct,but $Lithosere$ is the most specific and accurate term for succession starting on bare rocks.

The presence of lichens as pioneer species can be observed in which of the following successions?

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