What does '$V$' represent in the given figure?

Which of the following statements are correct about the Amazon rainforest?
$I$. They are called the lungs of the planet.
$II$. They harbour probably millions of species.
$III$. They are the largest tropical rainforest in South America and have the highest biodiversity on Earth.
$IV$. They are being cut and cleared for cultivating soybeans or for conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle.
Choose the correct option.

Match List $I$ with List $II$:

List $I$	List $II$
$A$. Robert May	$I$. Species-Area relationship
$B$. Alexander von Humboldt	$II$. Long term ecosystem experiment using outdoor plots
$C$. Paul Ehrlich	$III$. Global species diversity at about $7$ million
$D$. David Tilman	$IV$. Rivet popper hypothesis

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Select the correct option from the following.

What does '$W$' represent in the given figure?

Why are coral reefs not found in the regions from West Bengal to Andhra Pradesh,but are found in Tamil Nadu and on the east coast of India?