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(D) Genetic engineering is the technique that involves the manipulation of genetic material ($DNA$ or $RNA$) to introduce it into host organisms. By a

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Genetic engineering

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(D) Genetic engineering is the technique that involves the manipulation of genetic material ($DNA$ or $RNA$) to introduce it into host organisms. By altering the chemistry of the genetic material,scientists can change the phenotype of the host organism,allowing it to express desired traits. $PCR$ (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used for amplification of $DNA$. Bioprocess engineering involves the maintenance of sterile conditions for the growth of desired microbes or eukaryotic cells. Electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of $DNA$ fragments based on their size.

The technique of altering the chemistry of genetic material ($DNA$ and $RNA$) to introduce it into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism is known as:

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