The first clinical gene therapy was given in $1990$ to a $4$-year-old girl to treat deficiency of:

Which of the following is based upon the principle of antigen-antibody interaction?

Which of the following is/are correct about Adenosine Deaminase $(ADA)$ deficiency?
$I$. In the absence of adenosine deaminase enzyme,purine metabolism is disturbed and $T$-lymphocytes fail to function.
$II$. $ADA$ deficiency is caused by the deletion of the gene for $ADA$.
$III$. In some cases,it can be cured by bone marrow transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy. But in both approaches,the patients are not completely cured.
$IV$. For permanent cure,genes isolated from the bone marrow cells producing $ADA$ at early embryonic stages can be a possible cure.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Statements related to human insulin are given below. Which statement$(s)$ is/are correct about genetically engineered insulin?
$(a)$ Pro-hormone insulin contains an extra stretch of $C$-peptide.
$(b)$ $A$-peptide and $B$-peptide chains of insulin were produced separately in $E. coli$,extracted,and combined by creating disulfide bonds between them.
$(c)$ Insulin used for treating diabetes was extracted from cattle and pigs.
$(d)$ Pro-hormone insulin needs to be processed for converting into a mature and functional hormone.
$(e)$ Some patients develop allergic reactions to the foreign insulin.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which human medicine was the first to be produced using recombinant $DNA$ technology?

Repeated transfusions of genetically modified cells are required in $SCID$ patients and in enzyme replacement therapy because