In lower organisms,the formation of thick-walled spores helps them to survive in unfavorable conditions. What is this process called?

Animals living in colder regions have shorter tails and ears compared to animals living in warmer regions. This phenomenon is called:

Community is:
$I.$ Group of independent,interacting populations of same species
$II.$ Group of independent and interacting populations of same species in specific area
$III.$ Group of independent interacting populations of different species in a specific area
$IV.$ Group of independent and interacting populations of different species in different area
Select the correct option.

$A$: Shivering is an adaptation for low temperature.
$R$: Shivering warms up the body.

Give scientific reasons: Mango trees do not grow in countries like Canada and Germany.

At what height in the Himalayan region of our country are Taiga forests located?