Select the incorrect statement from the following.

  • A
    The competitively superior barnacle Balanus dominates the intertidal area and excludes the smaller barnacle Chathamalus from that zone.
  • B
    Herbivores and plants appear to be more adversely affected by competition than carnivores.
  • C
    In the Galapagos Islands,Abingdon tortoises became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced there.
  • D
    Competition is a process in which the fitness of one species is significantly lower in the presence of another species.

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Small fish get stuck near the bottom of a shark and derive their nutrition from it. This kind of association is called as:

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I:$ Gause's 'Competitive Exclusion Principle' states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.
Statement $II:$ In general,carnivores are more adversely affected by competition than herbivores.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The interaction between two living organisms of different species which is beneficial to both but is not obligatory because they can live without each other is known as

Select the statement that best describes parasitism.

Match the following columns:
Column-$I$Column-$II$
$P. +,+$$I. \text{Mutualism}$
$Q. -,-$$II. \text{Parasitism}$
$R. -,0$$III. \text{Competition}$
$S. +,0$$IV. \text{Amensalism}$
$T. +,-$$V. \text{Commensalism}$
$VI. \text{Predation}$

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