Plants capture $............ \%$ of photosynthetically active radiation $(PAR)$.

Assertion: Ecosystems are not exempt from the second law of thermodynamics.
Reason: In a food chain,energy flow is bidirectional.

If $20 \, J$ of energy is trapped at the producer level,then how much energy will be available to the peacock in the following food chain (in $, J$)?
Plant $\to$ Rat $\to$ Snake $\to$ Peacock

If $20 \ J$ of energy is trapped at the producer level,then how much energy will be available to the peacock as food in the following food chain (in $J$)?
Plant $\rightarrow$ Mice $\rightarrow$ Snake $\rightarrow$ Peacock

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited. Comment.

In a food web,each successive trophic level has