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(A) An $n$-type semiconductor is formed when a group $14$ element (like silicon or germanium) is doped with a group $15$ element (like phosphorus or a

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Silicon is doped with phosphorus

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(A) An $n$-type semiconductor is formed when a group $14$ element (like silicon or germanium) is doped with a group $15$ element (like phosphorus or arsenic) that has more valence electrons.$(1)$ Silicon has $4$ valence electrons. Phosphorus has $5$ valence electrons.$(2)$ When silicon is doped with phosphorus,$4$ electrons of phosphorus form covalent bonds with silicon,while the $5^{th}$ electron remains free.$(3)$ This extra free electron increases the electrical conductivity,resulting in an $n$-type semiconductor.

$n$-type semiconductor is formed when:

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