$A$ transmitting antenna of height $20 \,m$ and a receiving antenna of height $h$ are separated by a distance of $40 \,km$ for satisfactory communication in line-of-sight $(LOS)$ mode. The value of $h$ is (Given: radius of Earth is $6400 \,km$). (in $\,m$)

$A$ transmitting antenna can cover an area of $6.4\pi \times 10^9 \ m^2$ when used for broadcasting. If the signal is transmitted to another antenna,which is at a distance of $100 \ km$ from this antenna,what should be the minimum height of the receiving antenna for satisfactory communication in line-of-sight mode (in $m$)? (Assume the radius of the Earth $R = 6400 \ km$)

In which frequency range are space waves normally propagated?

Match Column $A$ (layers in the ionosphere for skywave propagation) with Column $B$ (their height range).

Column $A$	Column $B$
$A$. $D$-layer	$I$. $250-400 \ km$
$B$. $E$-layer	$II$. $170-190 \ km$
$C$. $F_1$-layer	$III$. $95-120 \ km$
$D$. $F_2$-layer	$IV$. $65-75 \ km$

$A$ signal of $100 \,THz$ frequency can be transmitted with maximum efficiency by

Audio signals cannot be transmitted directly because $.......$