$X$ is a wild animal which eats only the flesh of other animals, whereas $Y$ is a domestic animal which feeds mainly on green grass. $(a)$ What are animals like $X$ known as? $(b)$ What are animals like $Y$ known as? $(c)$ Which animal, $X$ or $Y$, has a longer small intestine? Why? $(d)$ Name one animal which is like $X$. $(e)$ Name one animal which is like $Y$.

Name the process by which plants make food.

The diagram represents a cross-section of the small intestine. What is the role of the structure labelled $X$?

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Mark the correct answer as:
Assertion: Leaves are the major photosynthetic organs of a plant.
Reason: They contain chloroplasts.

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason. Mark the correct answer as:
Assertion: The tongue is a part of the mouth that bears several taste buds.
Reason: It is helpful in producing speech.

Read the following and answer any three questions from $(i)$ to (iv). Heterotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms obtain readymade organic food from outside sources. The organisms that depend upon outside sources for obtaining organic nutrients are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophic nutrition is of three types: saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition.
$(i)$ In which group of organisms is food material broken down outside the body and then absorbed?
(ii) What are heterotrophs?
(iii) $(A)$ Give an example of a saprotroph. $(B)$ Write the three types of heterotrophic nutrition.
(iv) What does heterotrophic nutrition involve?