(A) $B.C.G.$ stands for $Bacillus$ $Calmette-Guérin$. It is a vaccine primarily used against $Tuberculosis$ $(T.B.)$,which is caused by the bacterium

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(A) $B.C.G.$ stands for $Bacillus$ $Calmette-Guérin$. It is a vaccine primarily used against $Tuberculosis$ $(T.B.)$,which is caused by the bacterium $Mycobacterium$ $tuberculosis$. It provides immunity against the disease by introducing a weakened strain of the bacterium into the body.