$Y-$shaped energy flow model was given by

The first link in any food chain is always a green plant because

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$ - The amount of energy available in an ecosystem increases at each successive trophic level.
Statement $II$ - Transfer of energy from one trophic level to the other follows $10\%$ law.
In the light of above statements, select the correct option given below:

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another occurs according to the second law of thermodynamics. What is the average efficiency of energy transfer from herbivores to carnivores (in $\%$)?

"During the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another, some energy is lost as heat." Which law of thermodynamics does this statement represent?

Which one of the following components of an ecosystem comes from outside?