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(D) The evidence that oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from water is supported by: $1$. The use of $O^{18}$ isotope labeling experiments (R

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(D) The evidence that oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from water is supported by: $1$. The use of $O^{18}$ isotope labeling experiments (Ruben,Hassid,and Kamen),where $O^{18}$ labeled water $(H_2O^{18})$ resulted in the release of $O^{18}$ labeled oxygen gas $(O_2^{18})$,proving water is the source. $2$. The Hill reaction,which demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts can evolve $O_2$ in the presence of artificial electron acceptors (like potassium ferricyanide) even without $CO_2$ fixation,provided water is present. $3$. Studies on photosynthetic bacteria (like purple sulfur bacteria) show they use $H_2S$ instead of $H_2O$ as a hydrogen donor,resulting in the release of sulfur instead of oxygen,confirming that the oxygen source in plants is the water molecule.

Which of the following evidence indicates that the oxygen released during photosynthesis is derived from water?

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