Peptidoglycan is present in:

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(C) Peptidoglycan (also known as murein) is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of

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Both $A$ and $B$

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(C) Peptidoglycan (also known as murein) is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria,forming the cell wall.Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria possess a cell wall containing peptidoglycan.In Gram-positive bacteria,the peptidoglycan layer is thick,whereas in Gram-negative bacteria,it is relatively thin.Therefore,peptidoglycan is present in both types of bacteria.

$(1)$ Gram-positive bacteria	$(a)$ Thermoacidophiles
$(2)$ Bacteria living in acidic medium	$(b)$ Firmicutes
$(3)$ Gram-negative bacteria	$(c)$ Halophiles
$(4)$ Bacteria living in extreme salty conditions	$(d)$ Spirochetes

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Which of the following is a correctly matched pair?

Assertion $A$: Some bacteria are motile.
Reason $R$: Some bacteria have tubular pili or fimbriae extensions arising from their surface.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

In members of which kingdom,nuclear membrane is absent?

Select the correct option for the following matches:
$(1)$ Gram-positive bacteria $(a)$ Thermoacidophiles
$(2)$ Bacteria living in acidic medium $(b)$ Firmicutes
$(3)$ Gram-negative bacteria $(c)$ Halophiles
$(4)$ Bacteria living in extreme salty conditions $(d)$ Spirochetes

$......$ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrites,ammonia and use the released energy for $\text{ATP}$ production $:-$

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