At high altitudes,the number of red blood cells in humans:

$(1)$ $Cl^-$ translocation is required during the transport of $CO_2$.
$(2)$ The probability of lung cancer increases due to smoking.

In humans, respiration occurs in the following steps. Arrange these steps in the correct order.
$A$. Diffusion of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ between blood and tissues
$B$. Diffusion of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ across alveolar membrane
$C$. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and $CO_2$ rich alveolar air is released out
$D$. Cellular respiration
$E$. Transport of gases by the blood

Which of the following are the correct statements regarding respiration in humans?

Rate of breathing in a newborn is about . . . . . . times per minute.

The scientist who proposed that the production of glycolic acid in guard cells is an important factor in stomatal opening is: