Ketonuria is defined as the presence of ........ in the urine.

One of the factors which may help to differentiate chronic kidney disease from acute kidney injury is . . . . . . .

$A -$ Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood,a condition called uremia.
$R -$ Blood drained from a convenient artery is pumped into a dialyzing unit after adding an anticoagulant like heparin.

Mention any two metabolic disorders which can be diagnosed by the analysis of urine.

Kidney stones are produced due to the deposition of uric acid and:

Name the condition when the concentration of ketone bodies increases in urine.