What is the surgical procedure called where the fallopian tubes are cut and the ends are tied?

Choose the correct option which can be used by females as injections or implants under the skin for contraception from the following:
$(i)$ Progestogens
(ii) Progestogen + estrogen combinations
(iii) Estrogen
(iv) Progestasert

Oral contraceptives inhibit $A$ and implantation as well as the quality of cervical $B$ to prevent the entry of sperms. Choose the correct option for $A$ and $B$ to complete the given statement.

$A$: Surgical methods,also called sterilization,are generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies.
$R$: These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is poor.

What is the primary function of $Cu$ ions released from copper-releasing Intra Uterine Devices $(IUDs)$?

Tubectomy is a method of sterilization in which