In which year did Cohen and Boyer isolate the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of $DNA$ from a plasmid?

In which of the following methods are both desired and undesired genes introduced into the organism?

Give the importance of the origin of replication in a chromosome.

Recombinant $DNA$ technology is related with:

It is now possible to breed plants and animals with desired characters through

The two main techniques that gave birth to modern biotechnology are
$I.$ Chemical engineering
$II.$ Genetic engineering
$III.$ Human genome engineering
$IV.$ Molecular biology
Choose the correct option.