$A$ patient suffering from $Diabetes \text{ } Mellitus$ drinks more water. This is because they are excreting which excess substance from their blood?

Choose the correct option:
$(1)$ Kidney stones are formed by calcium carbonate / calcium oxalate.
$(2)$ The conversion of amino acids into keto acids and ammonia is called deamination / amination.

The presence of $RBC$ in urine is known as:

Give reasons for kidney failure.

Acute renal failure $(ARF)$ is characterised by . . . . . . .
$i$. Irreversible increase in glomerular filtration rate.
$ii$. Frequent elimination of large quantities of urine.
$iii$. Sudden worsening of renal function.
$iv$. Elevated serum creatinine levels.
Select the correct option given below.

$A$ person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of