$S$ - Statement: Bacteria are divided into two groups based on the staining procedure developed by Gram.
$R$ - Reason: Bacteria that take up the Gram stain are called Gram-negative.

• A
  $S$ and $R$ are both true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $S$.
• B
  $S$ and $R$ are both true,but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $S$.
• C
  $S$ is true and $R$ is false.
• D
  $S$ is false and $R$ is true.