Select the correct match for $X$ and $Y$:

Column $X$	Column $Y$
$(1)$ Mitochondrial matrix	$(P)$ Photophosphorylation
$(2)$ Chloroplast stroma	$(Q)$ Oxidative phosphorylation
$(3)$ Cristae	$(R)$ Krebs cycle
$(4)$ Granum	$(S)$ Dark reaction

$A$ student has taken a twig from a plant. She/he observes a droplet of fluid exuding from the cut surface of the twig. What is this fluid?

The given schematic diagram shows three main biosynthetic pathways of aerobic respiration in three boxes. The arrows indicate reactants or products. Arrows $4, 8,$ and $12$ all represent -

In the sieve elements,which one of the following is the most likely function of $P-$ proteins?

Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements :
$(A)$ In fermentation, the reducing agent is $NADH + H^+$.
$(B)$ There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis.
$(C)$ The complete oxidation of pyruvate occurs by the stepwise removal of all the hydrogen atoms, leaving three molecules of $CO_2$.
$(D)$ The $NADH$ synthesised in glycolysis is transferred into the mitochondria and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation.
$(E)$ Complex-$IV$ of $ETS$ refers to cytochrome $c$ oxidase complex.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$ :

List-$I$ (Process)	List-$II$ (Location)
$A$. Glycolysis	$I$. Mitochondrial Membrane
$B$. $ETS$	$II$. Mitochondrial Matrix
$C$. Accumulation of protons	$III$. Cytoplasm
$D$. Krebs' cycle	$IV$. Intermembrane space

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :