$A$: In higher organisms,a constant number of chromosomes is maintained generation after generation.
$R$: Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes in plants and animals.

• A
  $A$ and $R$ are both true and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$.
• B
  $A$ and $R$ are both true,but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $A$.
• C
  $A$ is true and $R$ is false.
• D
  $A$ is false and $R$ is true.