What is Lichenology?

$A$: Viruses are considered as a link between living and non-living organisms.
$R$: Viruses behave as inert,non-living particles in a free state,while they exhibit active,living behavior inside a host cell.

Which of the following is associated with Lichens?

Match the items in Column-$I$ with those in Column-$II$ and select the correct option.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Tobacco Mosaic Virus	$(p)$ Human
$(B)$ Potato Leaf Roll	$(q)$ Bacteriophage
$(C)$ Mumps	$(r)$ Plant Virus
$(D)$ Bacteriophage	$(s)$ Tobacco
$(E)$ Polio Virus	$(t)$ Potato
	$(u)$ Animal Virus

Statement $X$: Lichens are composed of two main components. Statement $Y$: In lichens,the phycobiont is the heterotrophic component and the mycobiont is the autotrophic component.

What was the significant contribution of the scientist $W$. $M$. Stanley in $1935$ regarding viruses?