Which scientist developed the binomial nomenclature system?

Identify the correct terms for the following analogy-based questions:
$(i)$ Botanical Nomenclature : $ICBN$ :: Zoological Nomenclature : ...
$(ii)$ Binomial Nomenclature : $Carolus$ $Linnaeus$ :: New Systematics : ...

$A$ species is defined as "the group of actually or potentially inter-breeding natural populations producing fertile offspring and reproductively isolated from such other groups". The above statement is given by

Through the study of classification,which of the following is true?

Theophrastus classified plants into ......... groups,while Linnaeus classified plants into ......... groups.

Which study is essential for the identification and study of diverse organisms in the biosphere?