What are '$X$' and '$Y$' in the given figure?

Choose the correct sentences regarding biological nomenclature:
$(1)$ Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics.
$(2)$ The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
$(3)$ The genus name starts with a capital letter,while the specific epithet starts with a small letter.
$(4)$ The name of the author appears after the specific epithet in an abbreviated form.

Which one of the following criteria is/are essential and form the basis of modern taxonomic studies?

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$ (Genus)	Column-$II$ (Family)
$i$. $Zea$	$a$. $Blattidae$
$ii$. $Helianthus$	$b$. $Poaceae$
$iii$. $Pheretima$	$c$. $Asteraceae$
$iv$. $Periplaneta$	$d$. $Megascolecidae$

The scientific name $Rattus$ $rattus$ is an example of:

Assertion $(A)$: Theophrastus classified plants into four groups based on their habit.
Reason $(R)$: This Greek naturalist is known as the Father of Botany.