$A$ spacecraft of mass $M$ is moving in space with a velocity $v$. It explodes and breaks into two pieces. After the explosion,a piece of mass $m$ comes to rest. The velocity of the other piece is ......

An explosion breaks a rock into three parts in a horizontal plane. Two of them go off at right angles to each other. The first part of mass $1 \, kg$ moves with a speed of $12 \, m s^{-1}$ and the second part of mass $2 \, kg$ moves with $8 \, m s^{-1}$ speed. If the third part flies off with $4 \, m s^{-1}$ speed,then its mass is ......... $kg$.

$A$ bullet of mass $m$ is fired from a gun of mass $M$. If the velocity of the bullet is $v$,what will be the recoil velocity of the gun?

$A$ bullet of mass $0.1\,kg$ is fired with a speed of $100\,m/s$. The mass of the gun is $50\,kg$. The recoil velocity of the gun is ........ $m/s$.

An isolated rail car of mass $M$ is moving along a straight,frictionless track at an initial speed $v_0$. The car is passing under a bridge when a crate filled with $N$ bowling balls,each of mass $m$,is dropped from the bridge into the bed of the rail car. The crate splits open and the bowling balls bounce around inside the rail car,but none of them fall out. Is the momentum of the rail car $+$ bowling balls system conserved in this collision?

$A$ buggy of mass $100\, kg$ is free to move on a frictionless horizontal track. Two men,each of mass $50\, kg$,are standing on the buggy,which is initially stationary. The men jump off the buggy with a velocity of $10\, m/s$ relative to the buggy. In one situation,the men jump one after the other. In another situation,the men jump simultaneously. What is the ratio of the recoil velocities of the buggy in the two cases?