At what temperature in $^oC$ is the density of water maximum?

At $NTP$,water boils at $100^{\circ}C$. Deep down in a mine,water will boil at a temperature:

On a temperature scale $X$,the boiling point of water is $65^{\circ} X$ and the freezing point is $-15^{\circ} X$. Assume that the $X$ scale is linear. The equivalent temperature corresponding to $-95^{\circ} X$ on the Fahrenheit scale would be $..........^{\circ} F$.

$A$ faulty thermometer reads $5^{\circ}C$ in melting ice and $95^{\circ}C$ in steam. The correct temperature on the absolute scale will be $.........K$ when the faulty thermometer reads $41^{\circ}C$.

Explain the concept of heat and temperature based on everyday experience.

$A$ thermocouple is a device for the measurement of