The binding energy of the innermost electron | vedclass

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(C) To produce characteristic $X$-rays,an incident electron must have enough kinetic energy to knock out an electron from the innermost shell ($K$-she

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$V > 40 \, kV$

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(C) To produce characteristic $X$-rays,an incident electron must have enough kinetic energy to knock out an electron from the innermost shell ($K$-shell) of the target atom.The energy required to remove this electron is equal to its binding energy,which is $40 \, keV$.Therefore,the kinetic energy $K$ of the incident electron must be greater than the binding energy $E_b$:$K > E_b$Since the kinetic energy gained by an electron accelerated through a potential difference $V$ is given by $K = eV$,we have:$eV > 40 \, keV$Dividing both sides by $e$,we get:$V > 40 \, kV$Thus,the potential difference must be greater than $40 \, kV$ to ionize the atom and produce characteristic $X$-rays.

The binding energy of the innermost electron is $40 \, keV$. To obtain characteristic $X$-rays using a tungsten target in an $X$-ray tube,the potential difference $V$ between the cathode and the anode must be:

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