The distance between interatomic lattice planes is $10\ \mathring A$. The maximum wavelength of $X$-rays that can be diffracted by this crystal is ......$\mathring A$.

At the time of a total solar eclipse,the spectrum of solar radiation would be:

Calculate the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ line for $Z=31$, when $a=5 \times 10^7 \, Hz^{1/2}$ for a characteristic $X$-ray spectrum.

How are $X$-rays produced in the laboratory?

The pressure inside an $X$-ray tube is approximately:

The intensity of $X$-rays from a Coolidge tube is plotted against wavelength as shown in the figure. The minimum wavelength found is ${\lambda _c}$ and the wavelength of the ${K_\alpha }$ line is ${\lambda _k}$. As the accelerating voltage is increased: