Light with an intensity of $18 \ W \ m^{-2}$ is incident normally on an opaque surface. If the area of the surface is $20 \ m^2$,calculate the average force exerted on the surface in $30 \ min$.

If $P$ represents radiation pressure,$c$ represents the speed of light,and $Q$ represents radiation energy striking a unit area per second,then non-zero integers $x, y,$ and $z$ such that $P^x Q^y c^z$ is dimensionless are:

$A$ beam of light with intensity $10^{-3} \text{ W m}^{-2}$ and cross-sectional area $20 \text{ cm}^2$ is incident on a fully reflective surface at an angle of $45^{\circ}$. The force exerted by the beam on the surface is:

The force on a hemisphere of radius $1\, cm$ if a parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength $500\, nm$ falls on it with an intensity of $0.5\, W/cm^2$,striking the curved surface in a direction which is perpendicular to the flat face of the hemisphere is (assume the collisions to be perfectly inelastic).

$A$ radiation of energy $E$ falls on a perfectly reflecting surface. The momentum transferred to the surface is (let $c$ be the speed of light).

Electromagnetic radiation of intensity $0.6 \ W/m^2$ is falling on a black surface. The radiation pressure on the surface is