Electromagnetic waves are emitted from a point source. The output power of the source is $1500 \, W$. The maximum value of the electric field at a point $3 \, m$ away from the source is ........ $V \, m^{-1}$.

The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum depends upon the source of radiation.

The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
$B_y = (2 \times 10^{-7}) \sin (0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \, T$
$(a)$ What is the wavelength and frequency of the wave?
$(b)$ Write an expression for the electric field.

$A$ laser beam has intensity $2.1 \times 10^{15} \ W/m^2$. The amplitude of the magnetic field in the beam is approximately: (in $T$)

The nature of electromagnetic wave is

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why?
$(b)$ It is necessary to use satellites for long distance $TV$ transmission. Why?
$(c)$ Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground but $X$-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the earth. Why?
$(d)$ The small ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
$(e)$ If the earth did not have an atmosphere,would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?
$(f)$ Some scientists have predicted that a global nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a severe 'nuclear winter' with a devastating effect on life on earth. What might be the basis of this prediction?