Which lanthanoid element exhibits +2 and +3 o | vedclass

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Question

(D) The lanthanoids generally exhibit a $+3$ oxidation state. However,some elements show $+2$ or $+4$ oxidation states due to stable electronic config

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$Eu$

Vedclass · Answer

(D) The lanthanoids generally exhibit a $+3$ oxidation state. However,some elements show $+2$ or $+4$ oxidation states due to stable electronic configurations (like half-filled or fully-filled $f$-orbitals). Europium ($Eu$,atomic number $63$) has the electronic configuration $[Xe] 4f^7 6s^2$. It loses two electrons from the $6s$ orbital to form $Eu^{2+}$ $(4f^7)$,which is a stable half-filled configuration. It can also lose one more electron to form $Eu^{3+}$ $(4f^6)$. Therefore,$Eu$ exhibits both $+2$ and $+3$ oxidation states.

Which lanthanoid element exhibits $+2$ and $+3$ oxidation states?

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