Which of the following is most reactive towards alcoholic $KOH$?

Why is it necessary to avoid even traces of moisture during the use of a Grignard reagent?

Predict the order of reactivity of the following four isomers towards $S_{N}2$ reaction.
$(I)$ $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}Cl$
$(II)$ $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(Cl)CH_{3}$
$(III)$ $(CH_{3})_{2}CHCH_{2}Cl$
$(IV)$ $(CH_{3})_{3}CCl$

The major product obtained from the reaction of $CH_3CH_2CH(F)CH_3$ with $CH_3O^- / CH_3OH$ is ..........

For the following reactions:
$CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}Br + Z^{-} \xrightarrow[substitution]{k_s} CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}Z + Br^{-}$
$CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}Br + Z^{-} \xrightarrow[elimination]{k_e} CH_{3}CH=CH_{2} + HZ + Br^{-}$
where
$Z^{-} = CH_{3}CH_{2}O^{-} (A)$ or $(CH_{3})_{3}CO^{-} (B)$
$k_s$ and $k_e$ are,respectively,the rate constants for the substitution and elimination,and $\mu = \frac{k_s}{k_e}$,the correct option is:

Which is a true statement concerning the transition state of an $S_N2$ reaction?