Which of the following oxide groups cannot be | vedclass

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(D) The reduction of metal oxides by carbon depends on the thermodynamic stability of the oxides and the affinity of the metal for oxygen compared to

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$CaO, K_2O$

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(D) The reduction of metal oxides by carbon depends on the thermodynamic stability of the oxides and the affinity of the metal for oxygen compared to carbon. Metals like $Ca$ and $K$ are highly reactive and form very stable oxides ($CaO$ and $K_2O$). The Gibbs free energy of formation for these oxides is highly negative,making them difficult to reduce using carbon at standard metallurgical temperatures. In contrast,oxides of less reactive metals like $Fe$,$Pb$,$Cu$,and $Sn$ can be reduced by carbon because their oxides are less stable than $CO$ or $CO_2$ at higher temperatures. Therefore,$CaO$ and $K_2O$ cannot be reduced by carbon.

Which of the following oxide groups cannot be reduced by carbon?

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