An electrophile E^{oplus} attacks the benzene | vedclass

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(D) The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect). In electrophilic aromatic substitution of nitrobenzene,the interm

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(D) The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect). In electrophilic aromatic substitution of nitrobenzene,the intermediate $\sigma$-complex is destabilized by the $-NO_2$ group. The destabilization is maximum when the positive charge of the $\sigma$-complex is adjacent to the carbon bearing the $-NO_2$ group (ortho and para positions). Therefore,the meta-attack is the least destabilized (or relatively most stable) among the three possible positions (ortho,meta,para) because the positive charge never resides directly on the carbon attached to the $-NO_2$ group in the resonance structures of the meta-intermediate. Thus,the meta-substituted $\sigma$-complex has the lowest energy.

An electrophile $E^{\oplus}$ attacks the benzene ring to form an intermediate $\sigma$-complex. Which of the following $\sigma$-complexes has the lowest energy?

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